Design and Evaluation of an Off-ice Training Program with Online Coaching for Novice Figure Skaters

The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate an online real time off-ice training program (OOTP) leading the basic figure skating motions, maintaining improving motivation for adult novice skaters. In addition, impact image-based extrinsic feedback on OOTP also investigated. Twenty-two skaters were divided into two groups (without / with group). mainly consisted skill in imitation motions (BFSIMs : squat, spiral IM) instructed by expert once a week four weeks. Video data BFSIMs obtained before after OOTP. Angle α (between horizontal line thigh segment), angle β segment lifted leg), γ (Complementary between shank support leg) δ vertical determined respectively. Also, Questionnaire survey carried out both groups. (Pre) tended be smaller than that (Post). Angles Post significantly large small (p=0.008, p<0.001) relative those Pre, showed tendency increase For angles α, γ, differences Pre negative correlated initial levels calculated T-scores. A two-way ANOVA each BFSIM no interaction These results suggests although effective improve skills BFSIMs, there additional BFSMs. On other hand, questionnaire indicated highly evaluated terms motivation.